Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas.It plays a huge role in the digestive system - it regulates energy metabolism, synthesizes digestive juices and is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates.
These enzymes first enter the stomach and then the duodenum, where they begin to activate.If the pancreas is inflamed, enzymes begin to "work" at an early stage, that is, even before secretion.Damage occurs - the gland begins to digest itself, causing the death of some pancreatic cells.
Pancreatitis can be caused by:
- Infectious diseases not related to the digestive system - such as seasonal acute respiratory viral infections;
- Gastrointestinal disorders;
- malnutrition;
- pressure;
- alcoholism.
Pancreatitis can come in many forms—acute, reactive, and chronic.In acute cases, the pancreas may be completely or partially inflamed; reactivity occurs against the background of diseases of the digestive system - peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, gallbladder or liver.
The chronic form can lead to long-term remission, and in most cases the disease progresses slowly.In most cases, inflammation will reoccur when the diet is disrupted.
The nature of nutrition plays a huge role in pancreatitis - without adhering to a special diet, it is impossible to prevent the condition from getting worse.What types of diets are these, and on what principles are the menus for pancreatitis prepared?
Nutritional principles for pancreatic inflammation
The basic principle of creating a diet that normalizes pancreatic function is to minimize the burden on the digestive organs.
During the exacerbation of the condition, doctors advise adults to "be hungry, cold and rest".If the patient is hospitalized and pancreatitis is in the acute stage, it is recommended that he fast for 2-3 days, and useful substances - salts and fluids - are introduced into the body by drip.If you fast at home, it is impossible to completely ensure a normal water and electrolyte balance.You need to and can drink it, but only in small amounts.
Even adults need to replenish their nutritional reserves.A specially designed diet can solve this problem.The most “tried and tested” of these is Table 5.
The principles of this diet:
- Create the gentlest conditions for the stomach and intestinal tract - utilizing mechanical and chemical unloading;
- Eliminate pancreatic dysfunction;
- Prevents negative changes in liver tissue - fatty infiltration;
- Reduce gallbladder excitability.
This diet should be followed not only during treatment of the disease, but also for one year after the disease is in remission.
The main features of dietary treatment of pancreatitis:
- In your daily menu, you should limit the number of products containing substances that have an extractive effect (stimulate the production of pancreatic enzymes):
- refractory fat;
- Purine;
- essential oils;
- cholesterol;
- crude fiber;
- glucose.
- The essence of the diet - foods high in protein, reducing the amount of carbohydrates and fats.
- Cooking techniques – boil, steam, foil roast, stew.
- Eat your meals in small portions - up to 6 times a day.It is necessary to get up from the table with a slight feeling of malnutrition to avoid overloading the pancreas.
- After the condition worsened, I could only eat pureed food for the first time.
- You have to give up seasonings, including salt, for a while;
- No hot or cold food should be eaten; dishes should be heated to approximately body temperature – 36°C.
Drinking options are limited.Only after the urge to vomit has completely subsided can you drink as much as you want.
There is no need to worry about dietary restrictions in the first few days after an attack—fasting during treatment is beneficial.
pancreatitis diet menu
When preparing a menu for a few days during an exacerbation of pancreatitis, you need to immediately consider its characteristics - the products need to be ground.For example, if there is meat - then soufflé or meatballs, potatoes - mashed potatoes, etc...
The menu contains the following products - example list:
- Baby food - you can use canned and powdered food and dilute it with liquid;
- Pureed fruits – potatoes, cauliflower or cabbage;
- Cheese puree.
The proportion of nutrients in the daily menu - fat - 50-70 g, protein - 130-150 g, carbohydrates - 300-320 g.
About 2-4 days after the attack, the nausea subsides and fluid levels in the body need to be restored.You need to drink approximately 1.5 liters of water per day, in small sips, one glass every 6 hours.After the pain subsides, gradually introduce heavier dishes, one portion with each meal.
From this point on (around day 4), the menu includes the following dishes and products:
- Kefir – low fat only;
- chicken breast soup;
- egg white omelet;
- Non-acidic berry juice, diluted half with water;
- rosehip soup;
- Up to about 30 grams of honey per day;
- Dry whole wheat bread;
- Unsweetened crackers or cookies;
- Cooking pasta - do not use spaghetti or curly noodles, preference should be given to small noodles;
- Porridge is ground through a sieve; for pancreatitis, you can cook it with buckwheat or oatmeal (some nutritionists allow you to eat semolina, but it must be completely cooked so as not to expand in the stomach).
You can eat the following foods:
- Lean meat – chicken breast, beef, rabbit;
- Fish - boiled in water, only meat can be used; fish soup and other soups made with fish soup cannot be eaten;
- Fruit – baked or blanched;
- Broth - minor;
- Pureed vegetables - broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin.
The nature of nutrition during pancreatitis depends on the general condition of the patient.
How do nutritional patterns change in pancreatitis?
A rough dietary menu for the first few days after an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is as follows:
1 day:
- Breakfast - half a bowl of sticky oatmeal soup and half a cup of pure mineral water;
- Snacks – baked apples without skin or sugar;
- Lunch - mashed potatoes - also half portion - with milk and no seasoning;
- Afternoon snack - jelly and panko;
- Dinner - buckwheat porridge, light tea, white milk;
- Before going to bed - dilute a little milk with water.
the next day:
- Breakfast - steamed egg white omelet, chamomile soup;
- Snacks – Grilled Pears;
- Lunch - pearl barley soup, ground water, biscuits and preserves;
- Afternoon snack - milk soufflé;
- Dinner - semolina porridge, dried fruit puree, light tea;
- Before going to bed - half a cup of rosehip decoction.
Next, you can relax your diet a little - if your condition has returned to normal:
- Breakfast - oatmeal with dried fruits, preferably raisins and rosehip soup;
- Snack – raw banana;
- Lunch - steamed fish with carrot puree and dried fruit preserves;
- Afternoon snack - honey seasoned cheese;
- Dinner - milk rice porridge with light tea;
- Before going to bed - half a glass of diluted milk.
When the condition returns to normal, the diet for chronic pancreatitis may look like this - a rough version of the daily menu:
- Breakfast - vegetable puree, a piece of meat soufflé, juice diluted with water, weak tea;
- Snacks - protein omelette, steamed chicken breast steak, piece of dry bread, kefir;
- Lunch - chicken breast soup noodles, boiled vegetables and a piece of steamed fish, bread, dried fruit preserves;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with sweet berry jelly and maybe a drizzle of honey;
- Dinner - steamed meatballs, porridge (or mashed potatoes), stew, tea.
If you want to eat before bed, you can have a cookie, sweet fruit, or drink a glass of kefir.
A well-thought-out pancreatitis treatment menu will help bring about quick relief.The diet should be continued for one year after the last exacerbation.